Orion makes our customers’ next big idea an engineering reality in a microsatellite package; capable of meeting the most rigorous mission requirements. SMALLSAT AND CUBESAT SPACECRAFT Orion makes our customers’ next big idea an engineering reality in a microsatellite package; capable of meeting the most rigorous mission requirements. Low-cost access to space We help our customers utilize low-cost access to space by providing: Innovative SmallSat sensors and subsystems System design based on customers’ measurement requirements and scientific needs Specialization in miniaturization of sensor and other instrumentation In-depth mission analysis to ensure mission success and scientific closure CONTACT US Our spacecraft’s main applications: Space science Mission and system design of SmallSat and CubeSat platforms Modeling SmallSat subsystem and ground segment interactions Simulating operational scenarios Remote sensing design and analysis services Space physics research and data Space awareness Monitoring space assets and debris for spacecraft drag, wear and tear, and collision avoidance Solar activity for global climate inflection Electro-magnetic disturbances to avoid power grid disruption and communication outages Radiation emittance to reduce risk of exposure to astronauts Synoptic climatology and trending of atmospheric parameters

Orion Space Solution’s Tetra-5 will now proceed to design assembly, integration, and test Orion Space Solution’s Tetra-5 will now proceed to design assembly, integration, and test LOUISVILLE, Co., January 2, 2024 — Orion Space Solutions (Orion), a wholly owned subsidiary of Arcfield , announced today that it successfully completed its critical design review (CDR) on the U.S. Space Force’s Space Systems Command and Air Force Research Laboratory Tetra-5 program. The Tetra-5 mission will demonstrate multi-agent autonomous rendezvous, proximity operations and docking operations for on-orbit refueling. On the Tetra-5 program, Orion is tasked with addressing the challenge of refueling in space which will ultimately extend the lifetime of spacecraft already in orbit. Orion and its team will deliver a constellation of three prototype spacecraft with autonomous collaboration capabilities that will have at least a two-year mission life at geostationary Earth orbit. Specifically, Orion and its team will demonstrate key docking capabilities for on-orbit refueling and next-generation autonomous collaboration techniques for inspection as a precursor for on-orbit servicing and anomaly resolution. The CDR, which maintained an accelerated pace and was completed within 13 months of the award announcement, marks a significant milestone for the Tetra-5 mission. “Having completed a successful CDR, Orion and our extended team look forward to continuing the successful collaboration and partnership with our government customer as we begin production work on the Tetra-5 vehicles and sensors,” said William Armijo, Orion’s vice president of space systems. “This achievement is not only a testament to Orion’s agility and innovation but expands the portfolio of space-based solutions we can deliver to our mission partners.” The Orion team was awarded the Tetra-5 program in 2022 and teammates include Hera Systems, Inc.; Booz Allen Hamilton; SCOUT Space Inc.; Sedaro; Utah State University; and ICR, Inc. Previous Next Jan 2, 2024 Orion Space Solutions Completes Critical Design Review (CDR) for U.S. Warfighter Support

VP, Engineering, Calibration and Testing Previous Next CRYSTAL FRAZIER VP, Engineering, Calibration and Testing As vice president of engineering, calibration and testing, Crystal leads the development and execution of precision calibration and testing processes for Orion Space Solutions’ space systems and components. She ensures the highest standards of precision, reliability and safety in the company’s space missions, making her a key contributor to Orion’s success. Crystal’s extensive career in aerospace engineering has equipped her with a wealth of mission experience. Her previous role as director of the Assembly, Test and Calibration division at Orion demonstrates her leadership in managing critical mission components. Additionally, her contributions to the JPSS-2 NASA mission while working at OmniEarth and EagleView Technologies highlight her proficiency in space systems engineering, calibration and safety assurance. With a background spanning CubeSats, sounding rockets and small satellite projects, Crytal’s hands-on experience solidifies her reputation as a seasoned professional in the field of space missions. Crystal holds a Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering from Utah State University.

Orion Space Solutions announced today a follow-on subcontract from Advanced Space to support Phase 2 of the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) Space Debris Identification and Tracking (SINTRA) program. Orion Space Solutions announced today a follow-on subcontract from Advanced Space to support Phase 2 of the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) Space Debris Identification and Tracking (SINTRA) program. CHANTILLY, Va., Jan. 20, 2026 — Orion Space Solutions (Orion), a wholly owned subsidiary of Arcfield, announced today a follow-on subcontract from Advanced Space to support Phase 2 of the Intelligence Advanced Research Projects Activity (IARPA) Space Debris Identification and Tracking (SINTRA) program. This two-year award builds upon the success of Phase 1, where the team made breakthrough discoveries in the study of ionospheric interactions induced by orbital debris. Phase 2 will further refine and operationalize these methods for detecting and characterizing untracked objects through measurements of the plasma wave environment. “Orion has a long-standing legacy of advancing groundbreaking space science,” said Gregg Burgess, president and general manager, Orion. “Our team’s expertise in space domain awareness, plasma physics, and ionospheric modeling makes us uniquely positioned to deliver this cutting-edge solution for IARPA to further the state of the art in space traffic coordination and orbital debris mitigation.” The IARPA SINTRA program is among the first to address the critical need for detecting and tracking orbital debris objects smaller than 10 cm, which currently remain outside the persistent tracking capabilities of existing systems. In Phase 1, Orion conducted the first large-scale statistical study highlighting the relationship between space objects and ionospheric perturbations. Building on this foundation, Phase 2 will develop new tools to estimate the characteristics of previously untracked debris objects based on observations of plasma wave activity. "This contract award highlights Arcfield's commitment to pushing the boundaries of space exploration," said Kevin Kelly, chairman and chief executive officer of Arcfield. "Through Orion, we're developing innovative capabilities that not only advance scientific understanding but deliver practical solutions as our government mission partners seek complete space domain awareness—an increasingly complex challenge.” The IARPA SINTRA program was first awarded in July of 2023 to investigate the interaction of orbital debris with the space environment to more effectively detect, track and characterize lethal, non-trackable orbital space debris. The Advanced Space performer team is one of a select few teams chosen for Phase 2 of the program. About Orion Space Solutions, an Arcfield Company Orion, a wholly owned subsidiary of Arcfield, was born from the vision to apply fundamental space physics knowledge to real-world problems. A leader in the small satellite industry, Orion leverages scientific and engineering expertise to develop unique solutions to address complex space-based challenges to turn science into data and data into knowledge. Visit orion.arcfield.com for more details. # # # Press Contact: Katerina Figurski Vice President, Chief Marketing Officer 571.401.2155 katerina.figurski@arcfield.com Previous Next Jan 20, 2026 Orion Space Solutions to operationalize IARPA system for space debris detection and tracking

Gathering of power industry and solar science experts in April focuses on early warning needs and opportunities Gathering of power industry and solar science experts in April focuses on early warning needs and opportunities LOUISVILLE, Co., April 28, 2022 — Our electric grid is at the whim of the natural world’s powerful forces – wind, lightning, Sun. As the solar cycle ramps back up in activity (a regular occurrence after relatively quiet period), the power grid reawakens to the threat of space weather, which has the potential to push the system beyond its tipping point. Space weather is a global and imminent threat, falling in the same likelihood of occurrence in the next five years as “pandemic influenza,”[1] but society is less prepared for a space weather disaster than another pandemic. Power grids are complex systems and solar activity resulting in geomagnetic storms can wreak havoc on grid infrastructure. Current ability to predict such storms exists, but is only as mature as weather prediction was 50 years ago. This makes good communication between scientists, emergency managers, and those in charge of the power grid essential. Such communications are often stymied by lack of common vocabulary and technical focus and understanding between the groups. Orion Space Solutions’ (OSS) Ryan McGranaghan[2] and his university and power grid collaborators strive to change this reality through the concept of convergence ,[3] or a radical merging of innovative ideas, approaches, and technologies from a diverse range of sectors and expertise. Through a National Science Foundation-funded workshop (Award Number: AGS-2131047) and with the understanding that to reimagine grid resilience, data from diverse fields must be open and broadly usable and the traditionally disparate communities must be connected, McGranaghan brought together experts from diverse fields to share expertise and take advantage of the spectrum of innovation, knowledge, and assets available within and across these groups. The group was animated by three questions: What are the research & development and operational gaps that emerge from a holistic view of the Sun-to-Power Grid system and what solutions can we imagine to address them? What is the composition of the teams that can create these solutions? How do we connect these gaps to existing programs and form bridges across them? “We designed this event based on a convergence approach to Sun-to-Power Grid resilience, recognizing that national-scale societal challenges require transdisciplinary collaboration and novel ways to facilitate it”, says Dr. McGranaghan of OSS. “So we created a simulation game that enabled individuals from every part of the system to communicate, learn, and understand.” The interactions were facilitated through an extreme space weather simulation game--a table-top coupled with simulation and observational data in an interactive environment to reveal novel research and development gaps for the Sun-to-Power Grid System. The novel simulation game identified linkages across knowledge areas to better anticipate, understand, and respond to effects of space weather on the nation’s power grids. The engaging three-day workshop generated new understanding about the complex sun-to-power grid system by converging the range of communities that are involved, identifying the research & development and operational gaps, and proposing solutions for those gaps. In a close, and novel, partnership with RWI Synthetics[4] , they demonstrated the human dimension of socio-economic impacts of outage by synthesizing the entire population of Washington DC, including social, economic, and medical details to model and visualize the individualized impacts of outage on the population of a city. The event was organized into three days: the simulation game, synthesizing lessons learned and gaps, and systems-building, which had teams of data scientists and domain scientists and engineers work together to prototype solutions. Critical outcomes include: A lessons learned database that cover how to achieve convergent interactions and guidance for future Sun-to-Power Grid interactions; Enumerated and organized R&D gaps that can guide the community in setting policy, advocating resources, and proposing new projects; and A knowledge base of simulation data, literature, a community exchange platform, and a template for running simulation games. The workshop is the next step in the successful NSF Convergence Accelerator Project the Convergence Hub for the Exploration of Space Science (CHESS)[5] which pioneered the paradigm-shifting convergent approach to Sun-to-Power Grid research, development, and operations. “Space weather is about societal resilience, multiphysics, and multiscale. This simulation game embodied all three facets”, says Dr. Mangala Sharma, Program Director for Space Weather Research at the NSF. The community the CHESS project has been cultivating along with existing programs and projects in the field includes representatives from the National Science Foundation, NASA, Department of Energy, Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC), United States Geological Survey (USGS), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), several national space weather programs, and numerous academic and private institutions. [1] https://assets.lloyds.com/assets/pdf-solar-storm-risk-to-the-north-american-electric-grid/1/pdf-Solar-Storm-Risk-to-the-North-American-Electric-Grid.pdf [2] http://www.ryanmcgranaghan.com/ [3] https://www.nsf.gov/od/oia/convergence/index.jsp [4] https://rwisynthetics.com/ [5] https://www.chessscience.com/ Previous Next Apr 27, 2022 Uptick in solar activity parallels discussion on effects of space weather on the electrical grid

At Orion Space Solutions we recognize that every mission is unique. We work side-by-side with our customers to deliver test and calibration options tailored to their specific mission needs to ensure successful and consistent results.  ASSEMBLY, INTEGRATION AND TESTING At Orion Space Solutions we recognize that every mission is unique. We work side-by-side with our customers to deliver test and calibration options tailored to their specific mission needs to ensure successful and consistent results. A customer-first delivery model From vibration and thermal vacuum testing, to test analysis, calibration and certification, the Orion customer-first approach aims for total satisfaction, transparency and rapid delivery across the entire assembly, integration and test process. Based in Louisville, Colorado, Orion Space Solutions' 17,500-square-foot lab houses an electronics laboratory, laser lab and SmallSat lab, as well as office space and world-class computing facilities. CONTACT US Our assembly, integration and test (AI&T) labs Our AI&T labs include a SmallSat-assembly facility, two Class 10,000 clean rooms, environmental test chambers, reflow stations, electrostatic discharge safe electronics assembly areas, secure storage and rotation bench. The lab environment contains cutting-edge radio frequency signal generation, processing, and testing equipment in support of various SmallSat missions. Orion recently acquired an additional 25,000 square feet of lab space that hosts a suite of new manufacturing capabilities, allowing us to produce high-quality products at scale. Completion is expected in 2024. Thermal Vacuum Testing (TVAC) Three TVAC Chambers Fitted with heated/cooled platen and radiative LN2 shrouds Turbomolecular high-vac pump, rotary vane backing pump, two stage dry roughing pump Ultimate vacuum ~2.5E-6 Torr Platen Temp Range: -185°C – 150°C Shroud Temp Range: -185°C – Ambient (controlled via LN2) Thermal 2 thermal chambers Both chambers are mobile and can have active GN2 purge Programmable ramp and soak profiles Side feedthrough for data, power, or GN2 Class 100K Cleanroom Dual-partitioned cleanroom Precision cleaning and bagging station in front room Flow hood with additional program space in rear room Fitted with 6 high-flow HEPA filters Monitored intermittently with particle meter Class 10K Cleanroom Front grey-room for gowning and pre-entry cleaning Flow hood in rear for high-precision clean work (i.e. sensitive optics) CO2 “snow gun” for precision optical cleaning Daily monitoring via particle meter, can generate cleanroom reports on demand Program clean-storage cabinet

At Orion Space Solutions, we develop thoughtful solutions to solve complex challenges across a multitude of fields. Our customized technology and data solutions are used to achieve greater space domain awareness, understand the broader impacts of climate change, and strengthen our national security. SCIENCE AND DATA ANALYTICS At Orion Space Solutions, we develop thoughtful solutions to solve complex challenges across a multitude of fields. Our customized technology and data solutions are used to achieve greater space domain awareness, understand the broader impacts of climate change and strengthen our national security. Building on a foundation of space science We believe that science is paramount. That’s why we apply it to everything that we do. With decades of experience in science, engineering and data analytics, our team utilizes deep scientific understanding and expertise in every aspect of space physics to produce new interpretations of data and model output, and new insights and discoveries for our customers. CONTACT US Observation System Simulation Experiments (OSSEs) Orion’s software tools quantify the impact of various measurements for both ionospheric and thermospheric specification, enabling vital ‘analysis of alternatives’ exercises, and helping to maximize the utility of new sensors through OSSEs. With Orion’s OSSE Tool (OSSET), government agencies can realize millions of dollars in savings by preventing the deployment of unnecessary or redundant sensors. OSSET also offers users a numerical experiment that provides critical data to better inform these complex and expensive choices. Intelligent data for a smarter planet Creating actionable insights is the goal of all of Orion’s technological development. We support a multitude of industries and services that are essential for living not only in a smarter nation—but on a smarter planet. TROPOSPHERIC WEATHER Atmospheric data collection and modeling for weather forecasting, managing economic impact and business interruption and long-term climate change insight. COMMUNICATIONS From GPS to the various communication methods we use, our atmospheres affect how we use these devices and their ability to function when needed. SPACE ENVIRONMENT MONITORING AND RISK MANAGEMENT Using data to help government and commercial entities manage risk for launch decisions and space operational hazards to humans, property and spacecraft. CLIMATE CHANGE Collecting and analyzing actionable intelligence for governments and businesses to operate more efficiently, profitably, and with greater social responsibility related to our resources, our environment and the sustainability of our planet. SPACE TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT Orion’s data and modeling tools help mission managers operate spacecraft more efficiently and safely through improved orbital analysis. AGRICULTURE Water, food and oxygen are the most critical elements to human existence on Earth. Collecting and analyzing atmospheric and terrestrial data to produce, sustain and protect these resources.

Orion Space Solutions' is a leader in atmospheric science and space weather dynamics built on a foundation of experience developing the tools, models and data used to calculate and predict the impacts that a dynamic atmosphere has on the systems we rely on each day. Mission design, planning and operations Orion provides detailed mission planning and design expertise for all aspects of the mission lifetime—from formulation through implementation to on-orbit mission operations. LEARN MORE OUR SERVICES Orion Space Solutions is a leader in atmospheric science and space weather dynamics built on a foundation of experience developing the tools, models and data used to calculate and predict the impacts that a dynamic atmosphere has on the systems we rely on each day. Our space-focused solutions in the form of small satellites, miniaturized instruments, models and data products accelerate the pace of innovation for government and commercial customers and partners. SmallSat and CubeSat spacecraft We provide a full suite spacecraft solutions at a wide range of sizes, with custom configuration for communications, power, attitude determination and control system (ADCS), and deployment mechanisms to support an extensive range of mission approaches. LEARN MORE Assembly, integration and testing From our state-of-the-art facilities, Orion ensures complete missions success through a full suite of testing and calibration services tailored to your specific requirements. LEARN MORE Sensor and payload design Expert sensor and payload design on a flexible and reconfigurable platform. Orion engages directly with customers throughout the course of the mission to ensure maximized payload performance on orbit. LEARN MORE Science and data analytics With decades of experience spanning multiple disciplines, Orion’s team of scientists utilizes deep understanding and expertise in atmospheric and space physics to uncover new interpretations of data and model output and deliver new insights and discoveries for our customers. LEARN MORE

Orion Space Solutions delivers cutting-edge technology and expertise that has been proven in a wide range of missions. Our adaptability and deep domain knowledge enable us to support defense and civilian customers regardless of their mission needs. Rooted in space science and physics, we develop innovative technologies that drive progress in space. MISSION-PROVEN CAPABILITIES Orion Space Solutions delivers cutting-edge technology and expertise that has been proven in a wide range of missions. Our adaptability and deep domain knowledge enable us to support defense and civilian customers regardless of their mission needs. Rooted in space science and physics, we develop innovative technologies that drive progress in space. RROCI Striving to bridge gaps and improve the functionality of space-based environmental monitoring (SBEM) systems, the United States Space Force (USSF) Space Systems Command (SSC) sought a commercial prototype electro-optical/infrared weather system (EWS) capable of characterizing global clouds in near real-time to support Department of Defense operations. SSC selected Orion Space Solutions to produce the EWS Rapid Revisit Optical Cloud Imager (EWS RROCI). EWS RROCI utilized commercial off-the-shelf systems to produce cloud characterization and launched in March 2024. LEARN MORE TETRA The Tetra program is advancing autonomous multi-spacecraft operations in geostationary orbit (GEO) through a series of cutting-edge demonstration missions. Tetra-5, set to launch in early 2026, will showcase autonomous Rendezvous, Proximity Operations, and Docking (RPOD) with two advanced spacecraft designed to validate automated refueling and servicing capabilities at GEO altitudes. Building on this foundation, Tetra-6, launching in 2027, will further expand autonomous space operations, integrating AI-driven control systems and advanced sensors to enhance precision maneuvering and on-orbit servicing. By pioneering these technologies, the Tetra program is laying the groundwork for routine satellite servicing and extending mission lifespans in high Earth orbit. LEARN MORE KRAKEN The Orion Space Solutions’ Kraken mission will conduct in situ and remote sensing observations to characterize space weather dynamics in very low earth orbit (vLEO). This pathfinding mission features a highly integrated and comprehensive instrument suite designed to measure key parameters such as electron density, ion composition and neutral atmosphere interactions. In the size of a 27U CubeSat, Kraken will demonstrate innovative technologies for operating in the challenging vLEO environment. This mission is set to launch in 2026. LEARN MORE ACMES ACMES is a NASA-funded Earth science CubeSat showcasing next-generation thermal imaging and remote sensing capabilities. With three integrated payloads, the mission’s primary objective is to demonstrate high-resolution imaging and advanced thermal control technologies that enable sustained Earth observation from space. Its primary instrument captures long-wave infrared (LWIR) data across 25 spectral bands with better than 45-meter resolution. Additional payloads include a compact methane sensor for climate monitoring and an ionospheric diagnostic probe for space weather analysis. Set to launch in 2027, ACMES support critical applications in climate science, agriculture, disaster response, atmospheric monitoring and space environment research. LEARN MORE

At Orion, you can bring the skills you learned in the military to work with you from day one supporting a wide variety of critical missions. It’s the perfect place for you to transition to a civilian career while maintaining your connection to the armed forces. KEEP DOING THE WORK THAT MATTERS We value and honor the character, experience and skills possessed by those who have served our country. In fact, nearly 25% of our employees are veterans or reservists. At Orion, you can bring the skills you learned in the military to work with you from day one supporting a wide variety of critical missions. It’s the perfect place for you to transition to a civilian career while maintaining your connection to the armed forces. HEROES WORK HERE JUNK WILSON U.S. Air Force First Lieutenant DAN KNIGHT U.S. AIR FORCE Colonel ANDREW BIGLEY U.S AIR FORCE Major

VP, Business Operations Previous Next ROBERT BAGGIANI VP, Business Operations In his role as vice president of operations at Orion, Robert Baggiani leads the development and implementation of short- and long-term strategies for the business sector. Additionally, he manages the operation of all functional departments to ensure corporate alignment and efficiency. Lastly, he is responsible for managing customer relationships, the successful delivery of solutions to customers and overall program execution. Robert joined Orion in 2025 from Maxar Space where he served as a senior director of program management. Before that, Robert held senior-level program management roles at Raytheon Intelligence and Space, Ball Aerospace and Technologies Corporation, and LGS Innovations where he established a strong track record of building high-performance teams and ensuring program success for sophisticated defense and intelligence programs. Earlier in his career Robert served in engineering roles at Raytheon Electronics Systems and Boeing Satellite Systems. Robert holds a master’s degree in intelligent design systems from the University of Southern California and a bachelor’s degree in mechanical engineering from San Diego State University.

Recognized for mission design, technical ingenuity and operational excellence, the award highlights Orion Space Solutions’ pioneering work in space domain awareness, weather prediction and sustainable operation. Recognized for mission design, technical ingenuity and operational excellence, the award highlights Orion Space Solutions’ pioneering work in space domain awareness, weather prediction and sustainable operation. CHANTILLY, Va., Dec. 18 — Orion Space Solutions (Orion), a wholly owned subsidiary of Arcfield, has been honored with the Space Force Association (SFA) Innovation Award. The award highlights Orion’s leadership in tackling critical challenges in the rapidly evolving space domain with advanced technologies that strengthen national security and drive the future of global space exploration. “Being recognized by the SFA—an organization that like ours is deeply committed to advancing the future of space—makes receiving this award even more special,” said Chad Fish, president and general manager of Orion. “This honor is a testament to the ingenuity and hard work of our team and we are very proud to be recognized for our innovative thinking and operational excellence.” Orion is redefining space operations with a range of technologies that tackle the growing challenges of the space domain. At the forefront of these efforts are the Tetra-5 and -6 missions that are pushing the boundaries of sustainability in space with on-orbit refueling and autonomous collaboration capabilities. Complementing these advancements, the Dragster nowcasting solution provides rapid orbit drag insights to prevent collisions and optimize satellite resources. The company’s Rapid Revisit Optical Cloud Imager (RROCI) sensor, which delivers real-time weather imaging, can enhance defense operations, emergency response and climate research. Additionally, by leveraging the ionosphere as a sensor to detect hypersonic threats, Orion is redefining space security, ensuring mission success in an increasingly contested domain. As part of the Arcfield family of brands, Orion’s work complements a legacy of delivering mission-critical solutions for defense, intelligence and space agencies. Acquired in 2023, Orion’s achievements in space align with Arcfield’s commitment to advancing national security through cutting-edge technologies. “Space is the next frontier for innovation and national security, and the pace of progress will dictate our nation’s ability to remain resilient and superior in space,” said Kevin Kelly, chairman and chief executive officer of Arcfield. “Orion’s work exemplifies the kind of forward-thinking solutions that ensure we stay ahead of emerging threats. By integrating their expertise with Arcfield’s legacy of mission-critical national security space support, we are charting a path toward a future where space operations are smarter, more sustainable, and ultimately indispensable to protecting our nation.” According to SFA, its annual awards program is designed to recognize the “best of the best” in military space operations, as well as leadership in innovation, government, education and industry. Awardees were recognized at the SFA Spacepower 2024 conference in Orlando, Fl. To learn more about how Arcfield’s Orion Space Solutions is bridging critical data gaps in space exploration and its impacts, visit orion.arcfield.com . About Orion Space Solutions, an Arcfield Company Orion, a wholly owned subsidiary of Arcfield, was born from the vision to apply fundamental space physics knowledge to real-world problems. A leader in the small satellite industry, Orion leverages scientific and engineering expertise to develop unique solutions to address complex space-based challenges to turn science into data and data into knowledge. Press Contact: Katerina Figurski Vice President, Chief Marketing Officer 571.401.2155 katerina.figurski@arcfield.com Previous Next Dec 18, 2024 Orion Space Solutions recognized with Space Force Association Innovation Award for advancing spacepower and national security